Assessment of Some Trace Elements in Workers’ Blood in Fuel Stations in Al-Nasiriyah City
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v11i2.1263Keywords:
Pollution, Trace element, gas stations, fuel workersAbstract
Environmental pollution has become a major problem in the world, especially due to the rapid development of industries related to hydrocarbons such as fuels and polluting products. This situation is considered a serious threat to the environment and people due to its impact on human health and other living things. This study aimed to assess the trace element levels (Lead, Cadmium, Nickel, Arsenic) in the serum of workers in the fuel stations in central region of Thi-Qar Province. 60 people were selected from a group of workers in the age category (19 to 50 years), with work experience (1 to 5 years), some of whom were smokers and others were non-smokers. The study involved workers from three stations: ( Al-Raya, Al-Noor, and Thi-Qar). Control group incorporated from university students who were working remotely. The measurements were conducted at the laboratories of the Southern Technical College at Thi-Qar University. The statistical analysis revealed that the levels of the four metals (Pd >Ni > As > Cd) in individuals working at fuel stations are higher compared to the control group. In addition, the concentration of these metals in the blood of smokers is higher than that of non-smokers. The study also confirmed that all trace elements increase in the autumn season. Compared to the winter season, the concentration of trace elements in the autumn season was (20.3, 2.425, 2.068, 0.2.7) μg/dl, while their concentration in the winter was (14.4, 1.339, 1.218, 0.129) μg/dl. T
Received: 2024-06-02
Revised: 2024-06-26
Accepted: 2027-07-03
References
[1] S. Khairy and N. A. A. Maktoof, “Estimation of hematological parameters in people exposed to environmental pollution in Thi-Qar Governorate,” University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 146–150, Dec. 2023.
C. Radulescu, C. Stihi, G. Toma, and E. D. Chelarescu, “ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS CONTENT OF CRUDE OIL CONTAMINATED SOIL,” Journal of Science and Artis, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 459, 2012.
D. K. Mirza, I. Ahmed, and D. K. Mirza, “Impact of Crude Oil discharge from Oil Refineries near Gwer Road of Erbil City on Soil Physico-chemical Properties and Metal Emancipations,” Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 78-87. 2023.
H. Abdulsahib and N. Awad, “Determination of mercury in aquatic plants, water and sediments of the southern marshes of Iraq” Marsh Bulletin, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 137-146. 2019,
J. A. Rukabie and A. S. Ali, “Comprehensive Assessment of Air, Soil, and Water Pollution for Environmental Health in Al-Hai City, Iraq,” University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 132–134, Jun. 2024.
L. Liang, Z.-B. Wang, and J. Li, “The effect of urbanization on environmental pollution in rapidly developing urban agglomerations,” Journal of cleaner production, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 237–249, 2019.
W. Iyama, K. Okpara, and K. Techato, “Assessment of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soils and Plant (Vernonia amygdalina Delile) in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria,” Nigeria. Agriculture, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 27, 2021.
R. Mozrzymas, “Trace Elements in Human Health,” pp. 373–402, Feb. 2018. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Trace-Elements-in-Human-Health-Mozrzymas /498446acdeb63 7cc9d59633487696 5fbf3cf1307
Y. Liang et al., “Exposure to essential and non-essential trace elements and risks of congenital heart defects: A narrative review,” Frontiers in Nutrition, vol. 14, no. 10, pp. 1121826, 2023.
B. Bocca et al., “Human biomonitoring to evaluate exposure to toxic and essential trace elements during pregnancy. Part A. concentrations in maternal blood, urine and cord blood.,” Environmental Research, vol. 177, no. 10, pp. 108599, Oct. 2019.
K. Rehman, F. Fatima, I. Waheed, and M. S. H. Akash, “Prevalence of exposure of heavy metals and their impact on health consequences,” Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, vol. 119, no. 1, pp. 157–184, Aug. 2017.
R. Singh, N. K. Ahirwar, J. Tiwari, and J. Pathak, “Review on sources and effect of heavy metal in soil: Its bioremediation” Int. J. Res. Appl. Nat. Soc. Sci, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 1-22, 2018,
N. K. Ahirwar, “Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Heavy Metal Resistant Bacteria from Industrial Affected Soil in Central India,” Int J Pure Appl Biosci, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 88-93, 2016.
W. Guo, S. Huo, B. Xi, J. Zhang, and F. Wu, “Heavy metal contamination in sediments from typical lakes in the five geographic regions of China: Distribution, bioavailability, and risk,” Ecological Engineering, vol. 81, no. 8, pp. 243–255, 2015.
P. Pant and R. M. Harrison, “Estimation of the contribution of road traffic emissions to particulate matter concentrations from field measurements: A review,” Atmospheric Environment, vol. 77, no. 10, pp. 78–97, 2013.
M. S. H. Khorshid and S. Thiele-Bruhn, “Contamination status and assessment of urban and non-urban soils in the region of Sulaimani City, Kurdistan, Iraq,” Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 75, no. 16, pp. 1-15, Aug. 2016.
X. Ji and J. Ren, “Determination of copper and zinc in serum by derivative atomic absorption spectrometry using the microsampling technique,” Analyst, vol. 127, no. 3, pp. 416–419, Feb. 2002.
A. A. Maktoof, S. R. Zaki, S. Enayah, and Z. AbidAun, “Measuring the Concentration of Heavy Elements in Blood of Workers in Fuel Stations in Dhi Qar Governorate,” Journal of Physics, vol. 1294, no. 6, pp. 062017, 2019.
O. H. Sayed and Y. Masrahi, “Climatology and phytogeography of Saudi Arabia. A review,” Arid Land Research and Management, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 311-368, 2023.
C. Men, R. Liu, F. Xu, Q. Wang, L. Guo, and Z. Shen, “Pollution characteristics, risk assessment, and source apportionment of heavy metals in road dust in Beijing” China Science of the Total Environment, vol. 612, pp. 138–147, Jan. 2018.
M. A Riaz, et al., “Heavy metals identification and exposure at workplace environment its extent of accumulation in blood of iron and steel recycling foundry workers of Lahore, Pakistan” Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1233-1238, Mrich. 2017
E. Pinto, M. Cruz, P. Ramos, A. Santos, and A. Almeida, “Metals transfer from tobacco to cigarette smoke: Evidence in smokers’ lung tissue,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 325, no. 3, pp. 31–35, 2017.
H. I. Afridi et al., “Levels of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, Manganese and Zinc in Biological Samples of Paralysed Steel Mill Workers with Related to Controls,” Biological Trace Element Research, vol. 144, no.3, , pp. 164–182, May 2011.
S. Wang and C. N. Mulligan, “Occurrence of arsenic contamination in Canada: Sources, behavior and distribution,” Science of the Total Environment, vol. 366, no. 2–3, pp. 701–721, Aug. 2006.
Published
License
Copyright (c) 2024 University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
