Evaluating the patient's serum for thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin and Cytotoxic -T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 in Graves hyperthyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v11i2.1259Keywords:
Graves disease,CTLA4,TSI,TSHAbstract
Graves' disease (GD) is a common autoimmune disorder that causes an excess of thyroid hormone production. It is mainly due to the production of IgG antibodies that activate the thyrotropin receptor. The aim of this study is to measure the levels of Cytotoxic -T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 and thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin in individuals with GD. It also seeks to establish the connection between thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), as well as to assess the predictive value of CTLA4 for Graves' disease. The study was a case-control investigation conducted at the Alrusafa Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology. It involved a total of 45 people diagnosed with Graves' illness. The healthy group consisted of 45 individuals who had no previous medical history or clinical indications of hyperthyroidism or any other chronic condition. Blood samples from 90 individuals diagnosed with Graves' illness and a control group were analyzed to measure the levels of CTLA4, TSI by ELISA. The findings indicated a robust and statistically significant association (P.value<0.01) serum levels of CTLA4 in the patients for Graves' disease comparing to the control group. The patient samples included 13 men (28.89%) and 32 women (71.11%). There was no significant relationship found between TSI and TSH.
Received: 2024-05-28
Revised: 2024-07-05
Accepted: 2024-07-17
References
References
N. M. Baldé et al., “Graves’ Disease in 100 Cases in Conakry: Epidemiological, Clinical, Therapeutic, and Evolutionary Aspects,” Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, vol. 12, no. 02, pp. 75–81, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.4236/ojemd.2022.122005
M. S. Khan, S. S. Lone, S. Faiz, I. Farooq, and S. Majid, Graves’ Disease: Pathophysiology, Genetics and Management. IntechOpen, 2021. Available: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/76867
M. A. Abed and O. H. Azeez, "The effect of cumin on induced diabetes in rats," Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research, vol. 17, no. 3 (Proceeding of 6th International Scientific Conference, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Basrah, Iraq), pp. 69-80, 2018.
” European Thyroid Journal, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 167–186, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1159/000490384
Y. Deng et al., “Correlation between gut microbiota and the development of Graves’ disease: A prospective study,” iScience, vol. 26, no. 7, p. 107188, Jul. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.107188
H. Li, X. Li, Y. Du, Z. Yang, and Zheng-tao Lv, “The Association Between Foxp3 Polymorphisms and Risk of Graves’ Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies,” Frontiers in endocrinology (Lausanne), vol. 11, Jun. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.00392
L. Gong et al., “Decreased serum interleukin‐41/Metrnl levels in patients with Graves’ disease,” Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis, vol. 36, no. 10, Aug. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.24676
Q. Yao, B. Wang, X. Jia, Q. Li, W. Yao, and J.-A. Zhang, “Increased Human Interleukin-32 Expression Is Related to Disease Activity of Graves’ Disease,” Frontiers in Endocrinology, vol. 10, p. 613, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00613
]T. D. S. Santos, J. C. Oliveira, C. Freitas, and A. C. de Carvalho, “Thyroid-Stimulatory Antibody as a Predictive Factor for Graves’ Disease Relapse,” Cureus, vol. 14, no. 2, Feb. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.22190
M. Tong et al., “Evaluation of the application of TSH receptor stimulating autoantibodies and the optimization of detection strategy in Graves’ disease,” Clinica Chimica Acta, vol. 521, pp. 34–39, Oct. 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2021.06.017
S. Neumann, E. Geras‐Raaka, B. Marcus‐Samuels, and M. C. Gershengorn, “Persistent cAMP signaling by thyrotropin (TSH) receptors is not dependent on internalization,” The FASEB Journal, vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 3992–3999, Jun. 2010, doi: https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.10-161745
Md. Munnaf Hossen et al., “Current understanding of CTLA-4: from mechanism to autoimmune diseases,” Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 14, Jul. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1198365
S. Van Coillie, B. Wiernicki, and J. Xu, “Molecular and Cellular Functions of CTLA-4,” Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, pp. 7–32, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3266-5_2
S. Van Coillie, B. Wiernicki, and J. Xu, “Molecular and Cellular Functions of CTLA-4,” Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, pp. 7–32, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3266-5_2
M. Iglesias-Escudero, N. Arias-González, and E. Martínez-Cáceres, “Regulatory cells and the effect of cancer immunotherapy,” Molecular Cancer, vol. 22, no. 1, Feb. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-023-01714-0
Nataša Kuštrimović et al., “Regulatory T Cells in the Pathogenesis of Graves’ Disease,” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 24, no. 22, pp. 16432–16432, Nov. 2023,
G. J. Kahaly, T. Diana, M. Kanitz, L. Frommer, and P. D. Olivo, “Prospective Trial of Functional Thyrotropin Receptor Antibodies in Graves Disease,” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 105, no. 4, pp. e1006–e1014, Dec. 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgz292
K. A. Metwalley, H. S. Farghaly, D. M. Raafat, A. M. Ismail, and G. M. Saied, “Soluble CD40 Ligand Levels in Children with Newly Diagnosed Graves’ Disease,” Journa Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 197–201, Jun. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2019.2019.0108
Published
License
Copyright (c) 2024 University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
