Diagnosis of Vibrio cholerae isolated from patients with Vibriosis in Thi-Qar province
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v11i2.1190Keywords:
Vibrio cholerae, Isolation of bacteria, Biochemical test, Diarrhea, API 20 EAbstract
The gram-negative bacteria Vibrio cholerae is the source of cholera a severe case of diarrhea. Cholera occurs either sporadically, epidemically, or endemic. Overpopulation, untreated water supplies, and unsanitary circumstances have historically been closely linked to cholera outbreaks and pandemics. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of routine and advanced biochemical methods in diagnosing Vibrio cholerae, the extent of the prevalence of bacteria and which age groups and gender are most susceptible to infection. Stool specimens were obtained from patients suspected with cholera disease from both gender in different hospitals in Thi-Qar province through the period from September to December 2023. Cary Blair medium was used to transfer the suspicious stool specimens to the Thi-Qar province's Central Health Laboratory. Routine and advanced biochemical methods were used to diagnose Vibrio cholerae. A total of 400 specimens of stool from patients suspected cholera have been collected, only (45) isolates were given growth V. cholerae with 11.25 % in biochemical routine test while in API20 E test 41 isolates were given growth V. cholerae with 10.25%. The age group with the highest infection rate was 55–65, whereas the age group with the lowest infection rate was under 5 years. With no statistically significant difference, the illness most commonly impacted females. The results have showed different morphology characteristics of all V. cholerae isolates which grow on different media. Routine and advanced biochemical tests may not give the same results, which have prompted to search for a more accurate and faster method of diagnosis.
Received: 2024-03-06
Revised: 2024-04-11
Accepted: 2024-04-18
References
[1] M. Duman ,N. Buján, S. Altun, L.J. Romalde, & I.B. Saticioglu, "Population genetic and evolution analysis of Vibrio isolated from Turkish fish farms". Aquaculture, 562, 73878, 2023
[2] V.R. Kamal, &P. Avijit, " Investigations of hemolytic activity and iron utilization sources of Vibrio alginolyticus" ATCC 17749. Research Journal of Biotechnology Vol, 18, 1,2023
[3] B. A. Muzembo, K. Kitahara, A. Ohno, J. Khatiwada, S. Dutta, S.I. & Miyoshi" . Vibriosis in South Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis". International Journalof Infectious Diseases,2024
[4] R.M. AL-Hilali, & H.D.K Al-Mozan, H. D.K. "Isolation and identification of Gram negative bacteria that cause diarrhea". University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science, 10(1),2023
[5] E.H Mezal, &Z.K Hanan, Z. K," Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Vibrio cholerae Isolated from Diarrheal Patients Thi-Qar Province during 2015". Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology,2017.
[6] M.C.M Maluda,E. Johnson ,F. Robinson, M. Jikal, S.Y. Fong, M.J. Saffree, M.K. Fornace, & K. Ahmed, "The incidence, and spatial trends of cholera in Sabah over 15 years: Repeated outbreaks in coastal areas". PLOS Global Public Health, 4(1), e0002861,2024.
[7] M.A Echazarreta, & K.E. Klose, K. E," Vibrio flagellar synthesis". Front Cell Infect Microbiol 9: 131, 2019.
[8] C.N Dunmire, D. Chac, F. Chowdhury,A.I Khan, T.R. Bhuiyan, R.C LaRocque, Akter, A., Amin, M. A., Ryan, E. T., & Qadri, F. (2022). Vibrio cholerae Isolation from Frozen Vomitus and Stool Samples. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 60(10), e01084 22,2022.
[9] Y. Guillaume, M. Debela, D. Slater, K. Vissieres, R. Ternier, M.F. Franke, J. B. Harris, &L.C Ivers, "Poor Sensitivity of Stool Culture Compared to Polymerase Chain Reaction in Surveillance for Vibrio cholerae in Haiti, 2018–2019". Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 10(6), ofad301,2023.
[10] H.D.K. Al-Moz'an, "Gene of 16S rRNA is the gold standard to diagnose bacteria". World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, 139–178, 2023.
[11] R.F. Alaouadi, "Frequency of V. cholerae in Babylon Province". Journal of Babylon University /Pure and Applied Sciences, 22, 2579–2590,2014.
[12] shok KPanwar, S., Duggirala, K. S., Yadav, P., Debnath, N., Yadav, A., & Kumar, A. "Advanced diagnostic methods for identification of bacterial foodborne pathogens: Contemporary and upcoming challenges". Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 43(7), 982–,1000, 2023.
[13] A. Petrie, S.E. Finkel, & J. Erbe, "Use of long-term E. coli cultures to study generation of genetic diversity & teach general microbiology laboratory skills". The American Biology Teacher, 67(2), 87–92,2005.
[14] S.R Dominguez, P.N. Doan, F. & Rivera-Chávez, F. "The intersection between host– pathogen interactions and metabolism during Vibrio cholerae infection". Current Opinion in Microbiology, 77, 102421,2024.
[15] F. Chowdhury, A.G. Ross, M.T. Islam, N.A.J. McMillan, & F. Qadri, "Diagnosis, management, and future control of cholera". Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 35(3),e00211-21,2022.
[16] T.H. Al-Naddawi, "Molecular Epidemiology of Vibrio cholera in Iraq during Outbreaks 2007 to 2009". Ph. D. Thesis, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 2010.
[17] C. Jesumirhewe, P.O. Ogunlowo, M. Olley, B. Springer, F. Allerberger, W. & Ruppitsch, "Accuracy of conventional identification methods used for Enterobacteriaceae isolates in three Nigerian hospitals". PeerJ, 4, e2511,2016.
[18] E. A. Bin-Hameed and H. A. Joban, ‘Cholera Outbreak in Hadhramout, Yemen: The Epidemiological Weeks 2019’, Epidemiol. Heal. Syst. J., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 40–46, 2021.
[19] D. K. Sabir, Z. T. Hama, K. J. Salih, and K. G. Khidhir, ‘A Molecular and Epidemiological Study of Cholera Outbreak in Sulaymaniyah Province, Iraq, in 2022’, Polish J. Microbiol., vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 39–46, 2023
[20] H. Nasr, M. Al-Zumair, T. Al-Mahbashi, F. & Dureab, "Factors associated with the cholera outbreak in Al-Mahweet-Yemen": Analytic Study. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 18(01), 66–74, 2024.
[21] K.Y. Loo, J.W.F. Law, L.T. H. Tan, P. Pusparajah, S.H. Wong, K.G. Chan, L.H. Lee, & V. Letchumanan, "The burden of Vibrio sp. infections–A scoping review". Progress In Microbes & Molecular Biology, 6(1), 2023.
[22] S. T. Hegde et al., "Clinical surveillance systems obscure the true cholera infection burden in an endemic region," Nature medicine, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 888-895, 2024.
[23] Y. Jamaleddine, H. Tashjian, M. Mahmoud, W. Azzam, A. Daher, & P. Salameh, "Lebanese Population Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice Regarding Cholera Disease and their Knowledge and Attitude Regarding the Cholera Vaccine Following an Outbreak in Lebanon",2023.researchsquare.com doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2480449/v1
[24] T. Taher, W. S. Assi, M. A. Jalal, and F. T. R. Sarray, "Cholera outbreak in Wasit governorate, Iraq 2017," Global Journal of Public Health Medicine, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 211-219, 2020.
[25] A.R.M. Al-Abbasi, & S.M Aema, "The cholera epidemic in Iraq during 2015". TOFIQ Journal of Medical Sciences, 2(2), 27–41, 2015
Downloads
Published
License
Copyright (c) 2024 University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
