Studying the Synchronization for Multiple Transmitter- Receiver Nano Quantum Cascade Lasers.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v11i1.1162Keywords:
Nano quantum cascade laser (NQCLs), Synchronization, Rate equation model, negative optoelectronic feedback.Abstract
In this paper, the chaos synchronization of four Nano quantum cascade lasers with optoelectronic feedback was investigated. The present system consists of two receiver lasers and two transmitters lasers. The rate equation model was modulated to study the effect of the Purcell factor F and the spontaneous emission factor because of their importance in a nanocavity. The results indicated that the suggested system, realize the chaos synchronization. Also, the nanocavity parameters F and β, have significant effect on the chaos synchronization quality and may lead to lose it. Furthermore, the results showed the weak effect of delay time on the performance of lasers.
Received: 2024-02-07
Revised: 2024-03-15
Accepted: 2024-03-18
References
J. Faist, F. Capasso, D. L. Sivco, C. Sirtori, A. L. Hutchinson, and A. Y. Cho, “Quantum cascade laser,” Science (80 )., vol. 264, no. 5158, pp. 553–556, 1994.
H. Cai, R. Liu, W. Zhang, and B. Yan ,”Quantum cascade lasers and their applications in trace gas sensing”, Sensors, 10(3),2331-2365,2010.
H. Moser, D. Hofstetter, M. Beck, T. Aellen, and J. Faist, “Quantum cascade laser-based standoff detection of explosives and explosive precursors”, Chemical reviews, 109(3),PP.1618-1687,2009.
R. Bhattacharyya, M. Danielewicz, P. Grzywacz, and F. Baumgartner, “ Quantum cascade lasers for infrared breath analysis. Applied spectroscopy reviews”, 52(9-10), 754-771, 2017.
T. Grange, T. Greszik, D. Gubernatis, M. Hemingway, M. Amanti, I., Rochais, and D. Hofstetter, “Quantum cascade lasers and their applications: device structures, optical properties, and fabrication procedures”, In ECOC (p. Tu 3.5. 3), 2015.
H. H. Waried, “Synchronization of quantum cascade lasers with mutual optoelectronic coupling,” Chinese J. Phys., vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 1113–1120, 2018.
H. H. Waried, “Controlling the Synchronization of Quantum Cascade Lasers with Negative Optoelectronic Feedback by Direct Current Modulation,” Iran. J. Sci. Technol. Trans. A Sci., vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 2001–2011, 2019.
H. Waried, “Chaos synchronization of coupled nano-quantum cascade lasers with negative optoelectronic feedback,” Eur. Phys. J. D, vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 1–9, 2019.
R. Sharma, H. Kaur, & M. Singh, "Recent Advances of Efficient Design of Terahertz Quantum-Cascade Lasers". Plasmonic 16, 449–461, 2021.
A. G. Mohammed and H. H. Waried, “Investigation the dynamic of nano quantum cascade lasers with optoelectronics feedback,” Samarra J. Pure Appl. Sci., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 48–56, 2021.
M. C. Chiang, H.-F. Chen, and J.-M. Liu, “Experimental synchronization of mutually coupled semiconductor lasers with optoelectronic feedback,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 41, no. 11, pp. 1333–1340, 2005.
T. Deng, G.-Q. Xia, L.-P. Cao, J.-G. Chen, X.-D. Lin, and Z.-M. Wu, “Bidirectional chaos synchronization and communication in semiconductor lasers with optoelectronic feedback,” Opt. Commun., vol. 282, no. 11, pp. 2243–2249, 2009.
Q. Gu et al., “Purcell effect in sub-wavelength semiconductor lasers,” Opt. Express, vol. 21, no. 13, pp. 15603–15617, 2013
J. S. T. Smalley, Q. Gu, and Y. Fainman, “Temperature dependence of the spontaneous emission factor in subwavelength semiconductor lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 175–185, 2014.
J. Ohtsubo, “Theory of optical feedback in semiconductor lasers,” in Semiconductor Lasers, Springer, pp. 75–101,2013.
D. M. Kane and K. A. Shore, “Unlocking dynamical diversity: optical feedback effects on semiconductor lasers,” John Wiley & Sons, 2005.
N. Yu, L. Diehl, F. Capasso, A. Belyanin and A.K. Wo, "Self-Synchronization of Laser Modes and Multistability in Quantum Cascade Lasers", Physical review letters 13390. pp1–4, 2011. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.133902.
H. Waried, “Synchronization of quantum cascade lasers with negative optoelectronic feedback,” Recent Adv. Electr. Electron. Eng, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 167–175, 2018.
J.M.L. S. Tang and H.F. Chen, "Stable route-tracking synchronization between two chaotically pulsing semiconductor lasers", Opt. Lett. 26.PP1489–91, 2001. doi:10.1364/OL.26.001489.
B.J. Adamson and M.T. Westbrook, "Crafty Birds and Fitness Fiends: Relationships of Professional and Leisure Activities", Aust. J. Physiother. 34 .pp67–73, 1988. doi:10.1016/S0004-9514(14)60600-0.
P. Kumar, A. Prasad and R. Ghosh, "Stable Phase-Locking of an External-Cavity Diode laser Subjected to External Optical Injection", J. Phys. B At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 41, 2008. doi:10.1088/0953-4075/41/13/135402.
P. Kumar and F. Grillot, "Control of Dynamical Instability in Semiconductor Quantum Nanostructures Diode Lasers: Role of Phase-Amplitude Coupling", Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 222 .pp 813–20, 2013. doi:10.1140/epjst/e2013-01884-1.
U.D.E. Les, I. Balears and D.D.E Fisica, "Nonlinear Dynamics of Mutually Coupled Semiconductor Lasers", 2004.
Xia G.Q., Chan S.C and J.M. Liu, "Multistability in a Semiconductor Laser with Optoelectronic Feedback", Opt Express. 15 .pp 572–76, 2007. doi:10.1364/OE.15.000572.
Tang S., Vicente R, M.C. Chiang, C.R. Mirasso, and J.M. Liu. "Nonlinear Dynamics of Semiconductor Lasers with Mutual Optoelectronic Coupling", IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 10 PP 936–43, 2004. doi:10.1109/JSTQE.2004.837013.
Downloads
Published
License
Copyright (c) 2024 University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.