Isolating and Identifying Some Types of Bacteria and Fungi from wheat grains and studying the effect of some types of antibiotics and the aqueous and alcoholic extract of the Alium sativum plant on them
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v10i2.1144Keywords:
Allium sativum, wheat grains, aqueous extract, alcoholic extract, antibioticsAbstract
The study included the effect of Alium sativum aqueous and alcoholic extracts on the growth of bacteria and fungi isolated from the study The following types of bacteria appeared:Pseudomouas aeruginosa ,Aeromonas salmonicida ,Escherichia coli Using the diffusion method The aqueous extract was shown to be somewhat higher than the alcoholic extract in inhibiting the above-mentioned bacteria, In the past three decades, disease-resistant fungi and bacteria have emerged it caused major health problems all over the world through the pharmaceutical industry produced quantities of antibiotics. Unfortunately, resistance to antibiotics is increasingly important. Find plants with antifungal and antibacterial activity it has gained increasing importance in recent years due to the development of resistance. On the other hand, it is known that free radicals play an essential role in many diseases. Biochemical damage caused by free radicals to cells and tissues. If the average inhibition diameters at a concentration of 100% for the aqueous extract were (20.16.18) mm, respectively While the rates of inhibition diameters for the alcoholic extract reached (17,14,16) mm, respectively. As for the fungi isolated from the study, they are: Aspergillus .niger ,Rhizopus stolonifer . : Aspergillus candidus .Aspergillus fumigatus. Aspergillus flavus . Aspergillus ochraceus It was found that the aqueous and alcoholic extracts have an inhibitory effect on the growth of the isolated fungi when using the method of diffusion with the medium
Received: 2023-12-08
Revised: 2023-12-14
Accepted: 2023-12-17
References
N. V. Limbore and S. Khillare, "An analytical study of Indian agriculture crop production and export with reference to wheat," Review of Research Journal, vol. 4, 2015.
K. A. Meyer, L. H. Kushi, D. R. Jacobs Jr, J. Slavin, T. A. Sellers, and A. R. Folsom, "Carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and incident type 2 diabetes in older women," The American journal of clinical nutrition, vol. 71, pp. 921-930, 2000.
F. Additives, "Evaluation of certain contaminants in food," The Evaluation of Childhood Foods and Infant Formula Exposure to Furan, Chloropropanols… DOI: http://dx. doi. org/10.5772/intechopen, vol. 93417.
A. Adelekan and N. Nnamah, "Effect of Fermentation on Aflatoxin Content of Ogt Produced from Mouldy Maize (Zea mays)," 2019.
E. Krysinska-Traczyk and J. Dutkiewicz, "Aspergillus candidus: a respiratory hazard associated with grain dust," Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, vol. 7, 2000.
K. Khleifat, M. Alqaraleh, M. Al-limoun, I. Alfarrayeh, R. Khatib, H. Qaralleh, et al., "The ability of rhizopus stolonifer MR11 to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles in response to various culture media components and optimization of process parameters required at each stage of biosynthesis," Journal of Ecological Engineering, vol. 23, 2022.
S. Menanteau-Ledouble, G. Kumar, M. Saleh, and M. El-Matbouli, "Aeromonas salmonicida: updates on an old acquaintance," Diseases of aquatic organisms, vol. 120, pp. 49-68, 2016.
D. Zohary and M. Hopf, Domestication of plants in the Old World: The origin and spread of cultivated plants in West Asia, Europe and the Nile Valley: Oxford university press, 2000.
D. A. Rowe-Magnus and D. Mazel, "The role of integrons in antibiotic resistance gene capture," International Journal of Medical Microbiology, vol. 292, pp. 115-125, 2002.
T.-W. Mew and P. Gonzales, A handbook of rice seedborne fungi: Int. Rice Res. Inst., 2002.
J. M. Munita and C. A. Arias, "Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance," Virulence mechanisms of bacterial pathogens, pp. 481-511, 2016.
K. J. Ryan and R. C. Sherris, Medical Microbiology: R ONS^ SYX 7M1Ka 2SVV, 2013.
M. R. McGinnis, Laboratory handbook of medical mycology: Elsevier, 2012.
H. Mikamo, Y. Sato, and T. Tamaya, "In vitro antifungal activity of FK463, a new water-soluble echinocandin-like lipopeptide," Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol. 46, pp. 485-487, 2000.
I. H. Attitalla, L. K. Al-Ani, M. A. Nasib, I. A. Balal, M. Zakaria, S. S. El-Maraghy, et al., "Screening of fungi associated with commercial grains and animal feeds in Al-Bayda governorate, Libya," World Appl Sci J, vol. 9, pp. 746-756, 2010.
L. O. Copeland and M. F. McDonald, Principles of seed science and technology: Springer Science & Business Media, 2012.
P. R. Murray, K. Rosenthal, and M. A. Pfaller, Medical Microbiology: Medical Microbiology E-Book: Elsevier Health Sciences, 2020.
M. Al-Araji and S. Ali, "2-Aminoacetophenone as a virulent factor for Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing sever burn and wound infections in Iraq," Ibn Al Haitham J. Pure Appl. Sci, vol. 25, pp. 88-97, 2012.
P. I. Schemes, "Characteristics, Atypical Reactions, and."
S. L. Abbott, W. K. Cheung, and J. M. Janda, "The genus Aeromonas: biochemical characteristics, atypical reactions, and phenotypic identification schemes," Journal of clinical microbiology, vol. 41, pp. 2348-2357, 2003.
M. Ikegbunam, M. Ukamaka, and O. Emmanuel, "Evaluation of the antifungal activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of six spices," American Journal of Plant Sciences, vol. 7, pp. 118-125, 2016.
G. El-Saber Batiha, A. Magdy Beshbishy, L. G. Wasef, Y. H. Elewa, A. A. Al-Sagan, M. E. Abd El-Hack, et al., "Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of garlic (Allium sativum L.): A review," Nutrients, vol. 12, p. 872, 2020.
A. E. Perello, U. Noll, and A. J. Slusarenko, "In vitro efficacy of garlic extract to control fungal pathogens of wheat," Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, vol. 7, 2013.
F. Aala, U. K. Yusuf, R. Nulit, and S. Rezaie, "Inhibitory effect of allicin and garlic extracts on growth of cultured hyphae," Iranian journal of basic medical sciences, vol. 17, p. 150, 2014.
M. Gupta, U. Mazumder, and P. Gomathi, "Evaluation of antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Plumeria acuminate leaves," J Biol Sci, vol. 7, pp. 1361-1367, 2007.
S. B. Bhatwalkar, R. Mondal, S. B. N. Krishna, J. K. Adam, P. Govender, and R. Anupam, "Antibacterial properties of organosulfur compounds of garlic (Allium sativum)," Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 12, p. 1869, 2021.
R. De La Fuente, N. Sonawane, D. Arumainayagam, and A. Verkman, "Small molecules with antimicrobial activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa identified by high‐throughput screening," British journal of pharmacology, vol. 149, pp. 551-559, 2006.
S. G. Whaley, E. L. Berkow, J. M. Rybak, A. T. Nishimoto, K. S. Barker, and P. D. Rogers, "Azole antifungal resistance in Candida albicans and emerging non-albicans Candida species," Frontiers in microbiology, vol. 7, p. 2173, 2017.
Downloads
Published
License
Copyright (c) 2023 University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
