Comparative molecular detection of BVDV in cattle herds related to districts and seasons of year in Thi-qar province
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v10i2.1103Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a complicated ruminant pathogen that naturally infects cattle, goats, sheep, buffalo, pigs, camelids, and wild ruminants. BVDV infection causes serious financial losses, either directly due to high rates of mortality and morbidity brought on by fatal mucosal disease and immunosuppression. From September 2022 to May 2023, blood samples (225) were randomly collected from unvaccinated cattle from various regions within Thi-Qar province, Iraq. 5?-untranslated region (UTR) amplification by nested RT-PCR results showed that the distribution of bovine viral diarrhea virus in Thi-Qar province was 19.11% (43 out of 225). These results show no statistically significant differences in the bovine viral diarrhea virus distribution between geographical regions and study months (P >0.05).
References
- K. Albrecht, M. Linder, A. Heinrich, J. Höche, M. Beer, W. Gaede, et al., “Re-introduction of bovine viral diarrhea virus in a disease-free region: impact on the affected cattle herd and diagnostic implications,” Pathogens, vol.10, p. 360, 2021.
- S. Blome, M. Beer, and K. Wernike, “New leaves in the growing tree of pestiviruses,” In Advances in virus research, vol. 99, pp. 139-160, 2017, Academic Press.
- W. Yi, H. Zhu, Y. Wu, Q. Li, W. Lou, H. Zhao, et al., “The recombinant Erns and truncated E2-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to distinguishably test specific antibodies against classical swine fever virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus,” Virology Journal, vol. 19, p. 121, 2022.
- A. Wegelt, I. Reimann, H. Granzow, and M. Beer, “Characterization and purification of recombinant bovine viral diarrhea virus particles with epitope-tagged envelope proteins,” Journal of General Virology, vol. 92, pp. 1352–1357, 2011.
- N. Callens, B. Brügger, P. Bonnafous, H. Drobecq, M. J. Gerl, T. Krey, et al., “Morphology and molecular composition of purified bovine viral diarrhea virus envelope,” PLoS Pathogens, vol. 12, p. 1005476, 2016.
- P. Mirosław, and M. P. Polak, “Variability of E2 protein-coding sequences of bovine viral diarrhea virus in Polish cattle,” Virus genes, vol. 56, pp. 515-521, 2020.
- J. D. Neill, “Molecular biology of bovine viral diarrhea virus,” Biologicals, vol. 41, pp. 2-7, 2013.
- S. Chi, S. Chen, W. Jia, Y. He, L. Ren, and X. Wang, “Non-structural proteins of bovine viral diarrhea virus,” Virus Genes, vol. 58, pp. 491–500, 2022.
- N. Gomez-Romero, J. F. Ridpath, F. J. Basurto-Alcantara, and A. Verdugo-Rodriguez, “Bovine viral diarrhea virus in cattle from Mexico: Current Status,” Frontiers in veterinary science, vol. 8, p. 673577, 2021.
- E. Leveringhaus, G. N. Cagatay, J. Hardt, P. Becher, and A. Postel, “Different impact of bovine complement regulatory protein 46 (CD46bov) as a cellular receptor for members of the species Pestivirus H and Pestivirus G,” Emerging microbes & infections vol. 11, pp. 60-72, 2022.
- T.Gamlen, K. H. Richards, J. Mankouri, L. Hudson, J. McCauley, M. Harris, et al., “Expression of the NS3 protease of cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus results in the induction of apoptosis but does not block activation of the beta interferon promoter,” Journal of General Virology, vol. 91, pp. 133-144, 2010.
- M. K.Rajput, K. Abdelsalam, M. F. Darweesh, L. J. Braun, J. Kerkvliet, A. D. Hoppe, et al., “Both cytopathic and non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) induced autophagy at a similar rate,” Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, vol. 193, pp. 1-9, 2017.
- R. La Polla, M. C. Testard, A. Goumaidi, E. Chapot, C. Legras-Lachuer, and B. de Saint-Vis, “Identification of differentially expressed gene pathways between cytopathogenic and non-cytopathogenic BVDV-1 strains by analysis of the transcriptome of infected primary bovine cells,” Virology, vol. 567, pp. 34-46, 2022.
- M. F. Darweesh, M. K. Rajput, L. J. Braun, J. F. Ridpath, J. D. Neill, and C. C. Chase, “Characterization of the cytopathic BVDV strains isolated from 13 mucosal disease cases arising in a cattle herd,” Virus research, vol. 195, pp. 141-147, 2015.
- T. Guo, Y. Zhou, H. Zhao, Y. Sun, Y. Gao, M. Li, et al., “Isolation and Identification of Type 1d CP Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus from Inner Mongolia, China,” pp. 1-16, 2022.
- S. R. Lanyon, F. I. Hill, M. P. Reichel, and J. Brownlie, “Bovine viral diarrhoea: pathogenesis and diagnosis,” The Veterinary Journal, vol. 199, pp. 201-209, 2014.
- A. Khodakaram-Tafti, and G. H. Farjanikish, “Persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in cattle herds,” Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, vol. 18, p. 154, 2017.
- Q. Song, X. Zhao, C. Cao, M. Duan, C. Shao, S. Jiang, et al.,“Research advances on interferon (IFN) response during BVDV infection,” Research in Veterinary Science, vol. 149, pp. 151-158, 2022.
- H. Yildiz, and A. R. Babaoglu, “Molecular Investigation of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, Bovine Herpes Virus-1 and Bovine Herpes Virus-4 Infections in Abortion Cases of Cattle in Van District, Turkey,” Van Veterinary Journal, vol. 33, pp. 106-111, 2022.
- P. C. Blanchard, J. F. Ridpath, J. B. Walker, and S. K. Hietala, “An outbreak of late-term abortions, premature births, and congenital deformities associated with a bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 subtype b that induces thrombocytopenia,” Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, vol. 22, pp. 128-131, 2010.
- J. S. Agerholm, M. Hewicker-Trautwein, K. Peperkamp, and P. A. Windsor, “Virus-induced congenital malformations in cattle,” Acta veterinaria scandinavica, vol. 57, pp. 1-14, 2015.
- C. L. Siepker, J. L. Zimmer, K. M. Bedard, K. A. Hart, S. L. Czerwinski, and K. P. Carmichael, “Congenital cataracts and microphakia with retinal dysplasia and optic nerve hypoplasia in a calf,” Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine, Vol. 2021, p. 5, 2021.
- D. Golchin, F. Sasani, F. Moosakhani, A. Badiei, M. Zafari, and M. Partovi Nasr, “Congenital cerebral and cerebellar anomalies in relation to bovine viral diarrhoea virus and Akabane virus in newborn calves,” Acta veterinaria Hungarica, vol. 71, pp. 34-40, 2023.
- R. G. Schaut, J. F. Ridpath, and R. E. Sacco, “Bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 impairs macrophage responsiveness to toll-like receptor ligation with the exception of toll-like receptor 7,” PLoS One, vol. 11, p. 0159491, 2016.
- C. F. Oguejiofor, C. Thomas, Z. Cheng, and D. C. Wathes, “Mechanisms linking bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection with infertility in cattle,” Animal Health Research Reviews, vol. 20, pp. 72-85, 2019.
- M. S. Collett, R. Larson, C. Gold, D. Strick, D. K. Anderson, and A. F. Purchio, “Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus,” Virology, vol. 165, pp. 191-199, 1988.
- S. A. Gilbert, R. Larochelle, R. Magar, H. J. Cho, and D. Deregt, “Typing of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses by a multiplex PCR assay,” Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol. 35, pp. 264-267, 1997.
- M. Ö. Timurkan, H. Aydın, “Increased genetic diversity of BVDV strains circulating in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey: first detection of BVDV-3 in Turkey,” Tropical animal health and production, vol. 51, pp. 1953-1961, 2019.
- K. S. Al-Ajeeli, A. Hasan, “Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus by Conventional RT-PCR: A comparative Study, Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Science, vol. 4, pp. 121-128, 2011.
- B. A. Jarullah, J. AedGati, A. Saleh, “Prevalence of Bovine viral diarrhea virus in cattle herds from Basrah and Nassirya Provinces by direct and indirect Elisa and Real time qPCR,” AL-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences, vol. 11, pp. 1-7, 2012.
- D. H. Sadam, and K. M. Alsaad, “Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus in cattle of Nineveh province, Iraq,” Veterinary Sciences and Medicine, vol. 1, pp. 1-6, 2018.
- F. X. Wang, W. Gaowa, C. Liu, J. Fan, K. Yin, and Y. J. Wena, “Novel subgenotypes of bovine viral diarrhea virus based on 5’UTR molecular epidemiology in cattle from huhhot of Inner mongolia autonomous region, China,” MedRead Journal of veterinary science, vol. 1, p. 1002. 2020.
- D. J. Wilson, T. J. Baldwin, E. J. Kelly, A. Van Wettere, G. Hullinger, and J. Bunnell, “Prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus in bovine samples from the intermountain west of the USA-comparison between age, sex, breed and diagnostic methods,” Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology, vol. 7, p. 1. 2016.
- M. Saepulloh, and I. Sendow, “Identification and characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus from Indonesian cattle,” Journal of veterinary, vol. 16, pp. 1-7, 2015.
- F. Safarpoor Dehkordi, “Prevalence study of Bovine viral diarrhea virus by evaluation of antigen capture ELISA and RT-PCR assay in Bovine, Ovine, Caprine, Buffalo and Camel aborted fetuses in Iran,” AMB express, vol. 1, pp. 1-6. 2011.
- V. Yilmaz, “Prevalence of antibodies to Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) in blood and milk serum in dairy cattle in Kars district of Turkey,” Indian journal of animal research, vol. 50, pp. 811-815, 2016.
- M. A. Soltan, R. P. Wilkes, M. N. Elsheery, M. M. Elhaig, M. C. Riley, and M. A. Kennedy, “Circulation of bovine viral diarrhea virus – 1 (BVDV-1) in dairy cattle and buffalo farms in Ismailia Province, Egypt, Journal of infection in developing countries, vol. 9, pp. 1331-1337, 2015.
- G. Aduriz, R.Atxaerandio, and N. Cortabarria, “First detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 2 in cattle in Spain,” Veterinary Record Open, vol. 2, p. 000110, 2015.
- S. D. Hasan, and K. M. Alsaad, “Bovine viral diarrhea and persistently infection of cattle at Nineveh province, Iraq,” Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research, vol. 17, pp. 14-32, 2018.
- A. Khodakaram-Tafti, A. Mohammadi, and G. F. Kish, “Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of bovine viral diarrhea virus in dairy herds of Fars province, Iran,” Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, vol. 17, p. 89, 2016.
-K. Yeşilbağ, G. Alpay, and P. Becher, “Variability and global distribution of subgenotypes of bovine viral diarrhea virus,” Viruses, vol. 9, p. 128, 2017.
Downloads
Published
License
Copyright (c) 2023 University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
