Synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles at various pH values and temperatures by applying green chemistry using Bardi plant (Typha domingensis)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v12i2.1402Keywords:
nanoparticles; copper nanoparticles; SEM; XRD; UV-visible; Typha domingensisAbstract
In the field of materials science, "green" synthesis has received significant attention as a reliable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly method for producing diverse materials and nanomaterials, such as hybrid materials, bioinspired materials, and metal/metal oxide nanomaterials. Green synthesis is a crucial tool for mitigating the harmful effects of conventional nanoparticle synthesis techniques widely used in laboratories and industry. In this study, we provide an overview of the basic procedures and mechanisms of action of "green" synthesis methods, specifically for metal nanoparticles and metal oxides such as copper oxide (CuO), made using natural extracts. Key phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids, serve as solvent systems and reducing agents. The synthesized nanoparticles were examined using several techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. UV–vis: The best results were obtained at 70 °C and pH 9 and pH10,45 ℃. Spectroscopic analysis of the synthesized copper solution showed an absorption peak at 242 nm. XRD spectra of the biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles yielded a series of diffraction peaks at 2θ angles, which correspond to the h, k, and l values of the reflections. SEM revealed that the resulting copper oxide particles had a spherical shape, with an average particle size ranging from 32 to 65 nm. This study aimed to produce nanoparticles using green methods using the aqueous extract of Typha domingensis at low cost and low toxicity.
Received: 2025-05-15
Revised: 2025-06-10
Accepted: 2025-06-23
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